My thoughts on.....: Ganyang Malaysia

In 1961, the Kalimantan Island was divided into 4 separate administrations they are, the south of Kalimantan became a province of Indonesia, the northen part were divided with the British colony of Serawak and north Borneo and The Kingdom of Brunei. As a part of the British tactic to leave it’s colony in south east asia, it tried to combine the the cape of Malaya with it’s two colonies that are located in the north of Kalimantan. This plan by the British to combine the cape of malaya and north borneo was declined by Soekarno the leading president of Indonesia. Soekarno considered that Malaysia was a puppet state that was invented by the british to cater for its needs in sputh east asia, and the forming of the Federation state of Malaysia will only increace the britisg influence in south east asia. The Philipines also disagreed on the idea of the British, they clamined that they had ansestoral ties with Sabah throuhgh the Kingdom of Sulu[i].

In Brunei the Tentara Nasional Kalimantan Utara(TNKU)[ii] a started a conflict in the December of 1962, they tried to capture the sultan of Brunei, oil fields and take europeon people living in that area as hostage. The sultan got away and asked for the british armies intervension in the crisis. The british responded by sending the british forces and Gurkha from Singapore. On the 16 December 1963 the conflict leader was captured by the ritish forces[iii].

The Indonesian government and Philipines government agreed on the forming of the Federation of Malaysia, if and only if that the british colonialization were to end, and there were to be held a referendum that was held by the United Nations. Before the result of the vote was published, Malaysia saw the making of the Federation of Malaysia that was idea by the british as a internal threat, But the Indonesia government saw this as the offend the Manilla accord and the proof of the british colonializing and imperialism[iv]. There were 5 points that were made in the Manilla Accord, they are:

1. Malaysia will not be established before a referendum be held for the people of North Kalimantan.

2. The Head of the UN will take new actions regarding the decision of the seldetermination right according to the UN resolution 1541 verse 9.

3. The result of the temporary reforendum held by the british will be thought about again after having been research again by the head of UN.

4. .The people of North Kalimantan who have taken refuge out of the are are giving the right to vote on the referendum.

5. The UN will send helping worker in order to achieve the seldetermination witihin north kalimantan, whilst Indonesia, Malaya and the Phillipines will be the supervisor of the UN workers.[v]

Because of Indoneisa intervension with Malaysia, the people of Malaysia got angry at Indonesia therefore holding anti-Indonesia demonstrations at Kuala Lumpur. The demonstrans atacked the KBRI building and riped on Soekarno’s Photo and took the Garuda Pancasila Simbol of Indonesia and forced the leading primeminister of the time Tunku Abdul Rahman to stomp on it. President of Indonesia, Soekarno was very furious with the anti Indonesian protests is Kulala lumpur[vi]. The forreign ministry of Indonesia Soebandrio stated that Indoneisa has taken hostile steps towards malaysia on 20 January 1963. On the following april of the same year, the Indonesia army started to enter the sabah and serawak teritory of malaysia.

Soerkarno who was very furios with the anti Indonesia demostrations in Malaysia wanted to have revemge therefore he intiated a movement called “Ganyang Malaysia” (attack Malaysia), he stated the movement Ganyang malaysia through one of his speech.

Kalau kita lapar itu biasa
Kalau kita malu itu juga biasa
Namun kalau kita lapar atau malu itu karena Malaysia, kurang ajar!

Kerahkan pasukan ke Kalimantan hajar cecunguk Malayan itu!
Pukul dan sikat jangan sampai tanah dan udara kita diinjak-injak oleh Malaysian keparat itu

Doakan aku, aku kan berangkat ke medan juang sebagai patriot Bangsa, sebagai martir Bangsa dan sebagai peluru Bangsa yang tak mau diinjak-injak harga dirinya.

Serukan serukan keseluruh pelosok negeri bahwa kita akan bersatu untuk melawan kehinaan ini kita akan membalas perlakuan ini dan kita tunjukkan bahwa kita masih memiliki Gigi yang kuat dan kita juga masih memiliki martabat.

Yoo...ayoo... kita... Ganjang...
Ganjang... Malaysia
Ganjang... Malaysia
Bulatkan tekad
Semangat kita badja
Peluru kita banjak
Njawa kita banjak
Bila perlu satoe-satoe!

Soekarno.[vii]

Besides the “main resaon” why ganyang malaysia was initiated there are also other reason why it happened. In 1964, Malaysia was elected as the the united nations security council which made Indonesia very angry and at that same year Indonesia resigned from the United nations because of the election of Malaysia As security council. After Indonesia withdew ffrom the united nation, Indonesia made CONEFO (Conference of New Emerging Forces) as an alternative on 20 Janury 1965.After establishing CONEFO[viii], Soekarno also made GANEFO (Games of new emarging forces) which invited african, south american and east block countries, it was held in senayan from the 10^th-22^nd of November 1963. This is one of the result of Soekarno’s disagreement with the UN decision to take malaysia in as a member of the security council. Soekarno’s action led to Indonesia being heavier sided with the east block[ix].

There were also lot’s of conflicts happening within internal Indonesia,one of soekarno’s goal by intitiating Ganyang malaysia is to unify the Indonesia people that are having conflict with each other. Indinesia was also having a decline in it’s economy, so ganyang malaysia was made to be a new interst in the Indonesia citizen so they could forget about the pass and fight malaysia as a unity and some how, from this soekarno hoped to build a better and strong bond of the Indonesia people, but unfortunatly it failed and had dear consiquences.

The Indonesia and Malaysia Confrontation finally ended on the 28^th of May 1966, in the conference of Bangkok[x] when both goverments agreed on making a peace keeping agreement. The main reasons of Indonesia withdrew in the conflict is because of again, internal and domestic matter which arose on 30 september 1965, G30s PKI, the Komunist Party Conflict which ended in the resigning of president Soekarno and the new elected president Soeharto. Soeharto wasn’t intrested in continuing fighting Malaysia so therefore the war ended. As a result of Soekarno’s decision to attack Malaysia, it made Indonesia close to the east block which proved to be to much to handle thus making Soekarno have a good relationship with the Indonesia comunist parties. His actions cost him his job as the president of Indonesia, and after the kudeta in 1965, he was forced to resign and Soeharto to the role as president.